We provided a mathematical analysis of how a rational agent would respond to data generated by a sycophantic AI that samples examples from the distribution implied by the user’s hypothesis (p(d|h∗)p(d|h^{*})) rather than the true distribution of the world (p(d|true process)p(d|\text{true process})). This analysis showed that such an agent would be likely to become increasingly confident in an incorrect hypothesis. We tested this prediction through people’s interactions with LLM chatbots and found that default, unmodified chatbots (our Default GPT condition) behave indistinguishably from chatbots explicitly prompted to provide confirmatory evidence (our Rule Confirming condition). Both suppressed rule discovery and inflated confidence. These results support our model, and the fact that default models matched an explicitly confirmatory strategy suggests that this probabilistic framework offers a useful model for understanding their behavior.
Middle East crisis – live updates
，这一点在safew官方版本下载中也有详细论述
def put_db(item):
First FT: the day’s biggest stories
Scale3,500 lines (de Bruijn, June 2025)